The scope of Study Committee B4 includes the applications of Direct Current (DC) and Power Electronics (PE) in both transmission and distribution systems. The study committee also addresses DC Converters for the integration of distributed renewable (PVs) and energy storage as well as power quality control. SC B4 covers the full spectrum of DC systems and PE devices including specification, design, implementation, operation, maintenance, refurbishment of DC, FACTS and power electronic devices from transmission to distribution systems.