Summary
Read more on ELECTRAThis guide has been developed to inform users on the challenges being faced due to the large addition of renewable power generation which is replacing machine based thermal power generation. The voltage and frequency stability issues arising out of this inverter based power generation can be addressed to a large extent by adding synchronous condensers into power systems as per system requirements. This guide gives users a comprehensive overview on synchronous condenser performance, design aspects and specification requirements.
Table of content
1. Challenges Arising in the Modern Grid
1.1. Increasing Renewables Energy Resources Displace Conventional Generation
1.2. Integration of Renewables Including Inverter-Based Technology (HVDC) and Associated Challenges
1.3. Decommissioning Conventional Synchronous Generation Power Plants
1.4. Lack of Inertia
1.5. Short Circuit Ratio
1.6. Reactive Power Support
1.7. Renewed Interest in Synchronous Condensers
2. Synchronous condenser performance and its significance to the power system stability and control
2.1. Synchronous Condenser Design Performance
2.2. System Synchronous Condenser Support Performance
2.3. Synchronous Condenser Operation Performance
2.4. Synchronous condenser operation to address system issues
3. Case Studies of Synchronous Condensers
3.1. Dynamic Voltage Compensation -Manitoba hydro Case Study
3.2. Case study on high renewable penetration and its consequence
3.3. Grid operation with high penetration of voltage source converter (VSC)-based sources with synchronous condensers – a case study
3.4. Denmark Transmission System Strengthening
3.5. Offshore wind power hub: a low-inertia approach using synchronous condensers
4. Synchronous Condenser and Associated Systems
4.1. General Construction
4.2. Specification for a Synchronous Condenser
4.3. Synchronous Condenser with Flywheel
4.4. Synchronous Condenser with Clutch
4.5. Generator Step-Up Transformer
4.6. Excitation System
4.7. Starting of a Synchronous Condenser
4.8. Requirements for Generator Circuit Breaker
4.9. Criteria for Sizing and Placement of Synchronous Condensers
4.10. Losses of Synchronous Condenser Systems
5. Synchronous condenser retrofit solution
5.1. Selection criteria for conversion of an existing generator
5.2. Advantage of using existing synchronous generators
5.3. Suitability of Existing Equipment for Synchronous Condenser Use
5.4. Basic inputs to Feasibility Study
5.5. Major Steps in the Conversion Process
5.6. Hydro Generator Modification for Synchronous Condenser Use
5.7. Synchronous condenser in the context of hydro plants
6. Synchronous Condenser Installations
6.1. Seven Synchronous Condenser Installations in Denmark
6.2. Two greenfield SynCon Installations in the Panhandle Area of Texas
6.3. Seven greenfield SynCon Installations in South California, USA
6.4. Several Synchronous Condenser Installations with Flywheel in Italy
6.5. Manitoba Hydro Nelson River BPIII Project
6.6. Phoenix Hybrid Statcom & Synchronous Condenser, UK
6.7. Hydro Solutions Tasmania, Australia
6.8. Synchronous Condensers in South Australia
6.9. SynCon for Qinghai-Henan ± 800kV UHVDC Project
6.10. Retrofit and Clutch Installations
6.11. List of Synchronous Condenser Installations
7. Conclusion
Appendix A Definitions, abbreviations and symbols
A.1. General terms
Appendix B References
Appendix C Reactive power and its role
C.1. Definition of reactive power
C.2. Role of reactive power
C.3. Flow from generator to load end
C.4. Sources of reactive power
C.5. Consumers of reactive power
C.6. Reactive power demand pattern with emerging technologies
Appendix D Performance comparison
Appendix E Conventional reactive power support in power systems
E.1. Capability curve of a synchronous generator
Appendix F Specification for SynCon & Auxiliaries
F.1. General Requirements
F.2. Type & Rating
F.3. Insulation
F.4. Operational Requirements
F.5. Design and constructional features
F.6. Synchronous Condenser Instrumentation
F.7. Synchronous Condenser Excitation System
F.8. Features of Excitation System
F.9. Features of brushless excitation system (if applicable)
F.10. List of Type Tests
Additional informations
| Publication type | Technical Brochures |
|---|---|
| Reference | 885 |
| Publication year | |
| Publisher | CIGRE |
| ISBN | 978-2-85873-590-7 |
| Study committees |
|
| Working groups | JWG A1/C4.66 |
| File size | 6 MB |
| Pages number | 120 |
| Price for non member | 220 € |
| Price for member | Free |
Authors
D.K.CHATURVEDI, Convenor (IN), L. SITU, Secretary (AU)
L. ROUCO RODRIGUEZ (ES), B. MOORE (US), F. SPESCHA (AU), I. FERNANDO (CA), F. KOEHLER (GB), H. SHIMADA (JP), KONDRA NAGESH (IN)
Contributors
G. PRIME (FR), H. BIELLMANN (FR), L. MENG (SE), R. SINGH BAIS (IN), C. PAYERL (SE), K. CHAN (CH), M. SCHENONE (IT), S. KYNEV (US), R. BIONDI (IT), I. HIGGINSON (US), H. NAKAMURA (JP), A. ATALLAH (DE), J. SKLIUTAS (US), A. HASELBAUER (DE), Z. MENG (CN), A. KANNAN (DE), H. STEINS (DE), I. VOKONY (HU), P. GUGALE (CH), L. TACZI (HU), A. SHIGENAKA (JP), L. HAN (GB), A. YAMAMOTO (JP), M. GIESBRECHT (BR), S. MAEZAWA (JP), Y. KITAUCHI (JP), V. COSTAN (FR), T. VAN CUTSEM (BE), S. MARTINEZ VILLANUEVA (ES), G. LI (CN), O. AGAMALOV (UA), P. CHAY (FR), P. WIEHE (AU)
Keywords
rotating electrical machines, Power system technical performance
