Summary
This TB is a guide to the understanding and application for real time monitoring systems that attach directly to the line and determine the sag, tension or temperature of the conductor. The system is then used to determine the rating of the line for the short term future for use by operators.
Table of content
1. Introduction
1.1. Objectives of the guide
1.2. Derivation of rating
1.3. Limitation for real-time ratings
1.4. Present major areas of operational applications
1.5. Limitations for operators
2. Review of previous work
2.1. State of the art described in 2000
2.2. Summary of CIGRE technical brochure 299
3. Line rating determination using direct RTM monitoring systems
3.1. Conductor temperature and maximum sag
3.2. Determination of sag-average temperature using RTM systems
3.3. Line rating weather data from direct monitors
4. Direct real-time monitoring methods
4.1. Conductor temperature measurement
4.2. Angle measurement
4.3. Monitoring of point on conductor in span
4.4. Sag monitor based on wind induced conductor movement
4.5. Direct clearance monitoring
4.6. Tension monitoring systems
4.7. Device under development: DGPS monitor
5. Acceptable error margins
5.1. Typical TSO’s specifications
5.2. Errors in rating calculation
5.3. Error sources
5.4. Example of potential errors
5.5. Rating of a complete line with multiple line sections
6. Number of required monitoring units for a line
6.1. Practical examples based on tension monitors required
6.2. Number of sag monitors required
7. Establishing the operator display
7.1. Typical outputs of ampacity
7.2. Example of operator display
8. Applications of real-time monitoring (case study)
8.1. CEMIG’s case studies
8.2. Elia (Belgium) & RTE (France) case studies
8.3. Case study: AEP West
8.4. Case study: KCPL
8.5. Case study: TenneT Germany
9. Assistance to operators in contingencies
10. Conclusion
10.1. Benefits and applications of real-time monitoring
10.2. Limitations for operators
10.3. Direct versus indirect systems
11. References
Additional informations
| Publication type | Technical Brochures |
|---|---|
| Reference | 498 |
| Publication year | |
| Publisher | CIGRE |
| ISBN | 978-2-85873-190-9 |
| Study committees | |
| Working groups | WG B2.36 |
| File size | 3 MB |
| Pages number | 79 |
| Price for non member | 150 € |
| Price for member | Free |
Authors
R. Stephen, Convenor (ZA)
T. Seppa (US), D. Douglass (US), M. Lancaster (US), G. Biedenbach (DE), G. Watt (CA), Jean- Louis Lilien (BE), R. Pestana (PT), P. Ferrieres (FR),
M. Schmale (DE)
Keywords
real-time monitoring, dynamic line rating, conductor temperature, sag monitoring, line rating, transmission lines, grid reliability, tension monitoring, thermal rating, overhead line monitoring
